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Cell Membrane and Function Of Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
How it all begins...
Everything on the earth need the sun's energy to produce life cycles and sustain life.
By receiving their energy from the sun, plants provide us with oxygen and and other nutrients.
In turn, animals and human beings through these nutrients make their own "energy currency" throught their mitochondria.
The mitochondria are our energy producing factories. When our mitochondria become dysfuntional we become ill and diseased. This is why most people today suffer from illnesses and diseases.
These mitochondria produce a readily changing and varied energy currency in the form of ATP. A high-energy molecule that we need to do just about everything we do.
Our mitochondria function by producing the ordered ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules which are the energy supply for the processes of life. Adenosine is very important in life processes, such as energy transfer.
If our mitochondria is dysfunctional we become ill and diseased. The most popular illnesses are as follows:
Diabetes mellitus and deafness (DAD)
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
Leigh syndrome, subacute sclerosing encephalopathy
Neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and ptosis (NARP)
Myoneurogenic gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE)
Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF)
Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like symptoms (MELAS)
These are the symptoms from having dysfunctional mitochondria: poor growth, loss of muscle coordination, muscle weakness, visual problems, hearing problems, learning disabilities, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory disorders, neurological problems, autonomic dysfunction, dementia.
Loss Of Memory
Loss Of Memory
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coq10 weight loss
coq10 weight loss
Weight loss and physical fitness gives you the ability to complete effectively whatever you desire throughout your day, do the usual other activities and still have plenty of energy left to tackle any extra stresses or unforseen emergencies that could also arise. I am living proof and I will swear to you that if you take care of your health, the results will astonish you. Imagine being able to go through your day while handling whatever you need to, and yes even those stressful spur-of-the moment things that may suddenly arise, without much effort, feeling totally in control, as if your energy was unending. Yes, it is true! It can be done. All you need is your willingness to make a change. You can reach your desired level of physical fitness faster if you understand the components which make up this process of weight loss and physical fitness and also how they this all fits together.
One of the best components of losing weight is doing it by incorporating coq10 in your diet. Amongst others, this is one of the best ways to gain back your health and to become fit.
Coenzyme Q10 concentrations in foods and dietary intake
Elaborated reviews on CoQ10 and diets were published in 2010. New occurrences in analyses have since enabled a more succinct determination of CoQ10 concentrations in various foods (see Table below).
Food | Coenzyme Q10 concentration [mg/kg] |
---|---|
Beef | |
heart | 113 |
liver | 39–50 |
muscle | 26–40 |
Pork | |
heart | 11.8–128.2 |
liver | 22.7–54.0 |
muscle | 13.8–45.0 |
Chicken | |
heart | 116.2–132.2 |
Fish | |
sardine | 5–64 |
mackerel | |
red flesh | 43–67 |
white flesh | 11–16 |
salmon | 4–8 |
tuna | 5 |
Oils | |
soybean | 54–280 |
olive | 4–160 |
grapeseed | 64–73 |
sunflower | 4–15 |
rice bran | / |
coconut | |
Nuts | |
peanuts | 27 |
walnuts | 19 |
sesame seeds | 18–23 |
pistachio nuts | 20 |
hazelnuts | 17 |
almond | 5–14 |
Vegetables | |
parsley | 8–26 |
broccoli | 6–9 |
cauliflower | 2–7 |
spinach | up to 10 |
grape | 6–7 |
Chinese cabbage | 2–5 |
Fruit | |
avocado | 10 |
blackcurrant | 3 |
strawberry | 1 |
orange | 1–2 |
grapefruit | 1 |
apple | 1 |
Meat and fish are the richest source of dietary CoQ10 and levels over 50 mg/kg can be found in beef, pork and chicken heart, and chicken liver. Dairy products are much poorer sources of CoQ10 compared to animal tissues. Vegetable oils are also quite rich in CoQ10. Within vegetables, parsley, and perilla are the richest CoQ10 sources, but significant differences in their CoQ10 levels can be found in the literature. Broccoli, grape, and cauliflower are modest sources of CoQ10. Most fruit and berries represent a poor to very poor source of CoQ10, with the exception of avocado, with a relatively high CoQ10 content.
Intake
In the developed world, the estimated daily intake of CoQ10 has been determined at 3–6 mg per day, derived primarily from meat.
Effect of heat and processing
Cooking by frying reduces CoQ10 content by 14–32%.
See also
- Idebenone – synthetic analog with reduced oxidant generating properties.
- cq10
- What Is Mitochondria
References
External links
- Coenzyme Q10: An Antioxidant Drug – from the Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford
- List of USP Verified CoQ10 Ingredients
- Detailed discussion of coenzyme q10 health benefits
- National Cancer Institute page on Coenzyme Q10
- Robert Alan Bonakdar and Erminia Guarneri, American Family Physician page on Coenzyme Q10
- An Introduction to Coenzyme Q10 at University of Washington
- Possible Health Benefits of Coenzyme Q10 at Oregon State University
- Study Suggests Coenzyme Q10 Slows Functional Decline in Parkinson's Disease at National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Mitochondrion, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
cq10
cq10
Also known as Coenzyme Q10, and as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, and also sometimes as the abbreviation CoQ1.
An oil-soluble, vitamin-like composition and consistency is present in most ubiquinol). Its capacity (this molecule) to exist in a totally oxidized form and in an absolutely reduced form enables it to perform its functions in the electron transport chain and also as an antioxidant respectively.
Contents |
Discovery and history
Discovered by Professor Fredrick L. Crane and his colleagues. A role as an antioxidant, this molecule, as a free radical scavenger, was greatly studied by Lars Ernster. Quite a few scientists around the world began studies on this molecule since and in relation to various diseases, to include diseases of the heart and cancer.
Biochemical role
Antioxidant function of CoQ10
Derives from its energy carrier function. A carrier of energy, this molecule is constantly going through an oxidation-reduction cycle. As it accepts electrons, it becomes reduced. As it gives up electrons, it becomes oxidized. In its reduced form, it holds electrons loosely, so it will quite readily give up one-two electrons and, thereby, function as an antioxidant. In comparison to other antioxidants, this combination inhibits both the initiation and the propagation of lipid and protein oxidation. It also reconstructs other antioxidants such as vitamin E. The circulating CoQ10 in LDL prevents oxidation of LDL, which may provide benefit in cardiovascular diseases.
Absorption and metabolism
Absorption
This is a crystalline form and powder and it is insoluble in water. To absorb this you would follow the same process as that of lipids.
CoQ10 deficiency and toxicity
Increased use by the body and reduced biosynthesis are the major factors to deficiency of CoQ10. The major source of CoQ10 is biogenesis. Biogenesis, a process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products, requires at least 12 genes, and mutations in many of them results in CoQ deficiency. CoQ10 levels can also be affected by other genetic defects (such as mutations of mitochondrial RNA, ETFDH, APTX and BRAF, genes that are not directly related to the CoQ10 biogenetic process) while also a role of statins is controversial.
Supplementation benefits
The dispute is resolved. (January 2011) Heart health
Coenzyme Q10 helps to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system. There is evidence of CoQ10 deficiency in heart failure. Recently, CoQ10 plasma concentrations have been demonstrated as an independent predictor of mortality in chronic heart failure, CoQ10 deficiency being detrimental to the long-term prognosis of chronic heart failure.
Migraine headaches
Supplementation of coenzyme Q10 has been found to have a beneficial effect on the condition of some sufferers. Dosages were 150 to 300 mg/day.
It has been used effectively in the prophylaxis of migraines, especially in combination with a daily supplement.
Cancer
CoQ10 is also being investigated as a treatment.
Cardiac arrest
Another recent study shows a survival benefit after cardiac arrest if coenzyme Q10 is administered in addition to commencing active cooling of the body to 90–93 degrees Fahrenheit (32–34 degrees Celsius).
Blood pressure
There are several reports concerning the effect of CoQ10 on blood pressure in human studies.
A recent (2007) meta-analysis of the clinical trials of CoQ10 for hypertension reviewed all published trials of coenzyme Q10.
Periodontal disease
A review study has shown that there is no clinical benefit to the use of CoQ10 in the treatment of periodontal disease.
Dr. Bruno Loos, head of the periodontology department at Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam (ACTA).
Lifespan
One study demonstrated that low dosages of coenzyme Q10.
Radiation injury
In 2002, a study reported that, in rat experiments, coenzyme Q10 taken as dietary supplement reduced radiation damage to the animals' blood.
Parkinson's disease
A 2002 study in 80
Cosmetics
Coenzyme Q10 may be of benefit as an ingredient for topical cosmetic products.
Coenzyme Q10 concentrations in foods and dietary intake
See also coq10 weight loss.
See also
- Idebenone – synthetic analog with reduced oxidant generating properties.
- What Is Mitochondria
References
External links
- Coenzyme Q10: An Antioxidant Drug – from the Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford
- List of USP Verified CoQ10 Ingredients
- Detailed discussion of coenzyme q10 health benefits
- National Cancer Institute page on Coenzyme Q10
- Robert Alan Bonakdar and Erminia Guarneri, American Family Physician page on Coenzyme Q10
- An Introduction to Coenzyme Q10 at University of Washington
- Possible Health Benefits of Coenzyme Q10 at Oregon State University
- Study Suggests Coenzyme Q10 Slows Functional Decline in Parkinson's Disease at National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Mitochondrion, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Learn Exactly What Mitochondria Do
What Is Mitochondria
mitochondria plural of mi·to·chon·dri·on
Noun: An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.Courtesy of Merriam-Webster Dictionary
There are a few characteristics which make mitochondria unique. The amount of mitochondria in a cell varies widely.
Contents |
History
Very first observations of intracellular structures that most likely represent mitochondria were published in the 1840s.
One popular term "powerhouse of the cell" was conceived by Philip Siekevitz in 1957.
Mitochondria are found in nearly all.
Function
A most easily seen role of mitochondria are to produce the energy currency of the cell, ATP , through respiration, and also to regulate cellular metabolism. However, the mitochondrion has many other performances in addition to the production of ATP.
Additional functions
Mitochondria play a prominent role in many other metabolic tasks, such as:
- Regulation of the membrane potential
- Apoptosis-programmed cell death
- Calcium signaling (including calcium-evoked apoptosis)
- Regulation of cellular metabolism
- Certain heme synthesis reactions (see also: porphyrin)
- Steroid synthesis.
As a matter of fact there are mitochondrial functions that are performed only in specific types of cells. For example, mitochondria in mitochondrial diseases.
Dysfunction and disease
Mitochondrial diseases
Most unhealthy people probably suffer from the damage and subsequent dysfunction in mitochondria which is an important factor in a range of human diseases due to their influence in cell metabolism. These mitochondrial disorders can at many times present themselves as neurological disorders, but can manifest as others.
Mitochondria disfuncitons play a significant role in cardiomyopathy in Type 2 diabetics. Increased fatty acid delivery to the heart increases fatty acid uptake by cardiomyocytes, resulting in increased fatty acid oxidation in these cells.
Possible relationships to aging
Mitochondria as considered as the cell's powerhouse, there may be some leakage of the high-energy.
During the aging process, many changes can occur to mitochondria. But, through experimentation it has been seen that aging non-mutant mice do not seem to accumulate a great number of mutations in mitochondrial DNA imposing a cloud of doubt on the involvement of mitochondrial DNA mutations in "natural" aging. Because of this, the exact relationships between mitochondria, oxidative stress, and aging have not yet been settled.
In popular culture
In Farandolae are fictional creatures that live inside mitochondria, and do circular "dances" around their "trees of origin".
In the 2012 feature film Jeremy Renner) contain a virus that implants itself in the user's cells, increasing mitochondrial output.
See also
See also
- Anti-mitochondrial antibodies
- Bioenergetics
- CoRR hypothesis
- Chloroplast
- Inhibitor protein
- Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- Mitochondrial metabolic rates
- Nebenkern
- Oncocyte
- Oncocytoma
- Paternal mtDNA transmission
- Plastid
- Submitochondrial particle
- TIM/TOM complex
References
This article incorporates "Science Primer".
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Mitochondrion, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.